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Compare Egypt (2002) - Micronesia, Federated States of (2002)

Compare Egypt (2002) z Micronesia, Federated States of (2002)

 Egypt (2002)Micronesia, Federated States of (2002)
 EgyptMicronesia, Federated States of
Administrative divisions 26 governorates (muhafazat, singular - muhafazah); Ad Daqahliyah, Al Bahr al Ahmar, Al Buhayrah, Al Fayyum, Al Gharbiyah, Al Iskandariyah, Al Isma'iliyah, Al Jizah, Al Minufiyah, Al Minya, Al Qahirah, Al Qalyubiyah, Al Wadi al Jadid, Ash Sharqiyah, As Suways, Aswan, Asyut, Bani Suwayf, Bur Sa'id, Dumyat, Janub Sina', Kafr ash Shaykh, Matruh, Qina, Shamal Sina', Suhaj 4 states; Chuuk (Truk), Kosrae (Kosaie), Pohnpei (Ponape), Yap
Age structure 0-14 years: 33.96% (male 12,292,185; female 11,721,469)


15-64 years: 62.18% (male 22,190,637; female 21,775,504)


65 years and over: 3.86% (male 1,191,091; female 1,541,459) (2002 est.)
0-14 years: NA%


15-64 years: NA%


65 years and over: NA%
Agriculture - products cotton, rice, corn, wheat, beans, fruits, vegetables; cattle, water buffalo, sheep, goats black pepper, tropical fruits and vegetables, coconuts, cassava (tapioca), sweet potatoes; pigs, chickens
Airports 92 (2001) 7 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways total: 71


over 3,047 m: 13


2,438 to 3,047 m: 38


1,524 to 2,437 m: 17


914 to 1,523 m: 2


under 914 m: 3 (2002)
total: 6


1,524 to 2,437 m: 4


914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 18


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 2


914 to 1,523 m: 6


under 914 m: 9 (2002)
total: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2002)
Area total: 1,001,450 sq km


land: 995,450 sq km


water: 6,000 sq km
total: 702 sq km


land: 702 sq km


water: 0 sq km (fresh water only)


note: includes Pohnpei (Ponape), Chuuk (Truk) Islands, Yap Islands, and Kosrae
Area - comparative slightly more than three times the size of New Mexico four times the size of Washington, DC (land area only)
Background The regularity and richness of the annual Nile River flood, coupled with semi-isolation provided by deserts to the east and west, allowed for the the development of one of the world's great civilizations. A unified kingdom arose circa 3200 B.C. and a series of dynasties ruled in Egypt for the next three millennia. The last native dynasty fell to the Persians in 341 B.C., who in turn were replaced by the Greeks, Romans, and Byzantines. It was the Arabs who introduced Islam and the Arabic language in the 7th century and who ruled for the next six centuries. A local military caste, the Mamluks took control about 1250 and continued to govern after the conquest by Egypt by the Ottoman Turks in 1517. Following the completion of the Suez Canal in 1869, Egypt became an important world transportation hub, but also fell heavily into debt. Ostensibly to protect its investments, Britain seized control of Egypt's government in 1882, but nominal allegience to the Ottoman Empire continued until 1914. Partially independent from the UK in 1922, Egypt acquired full sovereignty following World War II. The completion of the Aswan High Dam in 1971 and the resultant Lake Nasser have altered the time-honored place of the Nile river in the agriculture and ecology of Egypt. A rapidly growing population (the largest in the Arab world), limited arable land, and dependence on the Nile all continue to overtax resources and stress society. The government has struggled to ready the economy for the new millennium through economic reform and massive investment in communications and physical infrastructure. In 1979 the Federated States of Micronesia, a UN Trust Territory under US administration, adopted a constitution. In 1986 independence was attained under a Compact of Free Association with the US. Present concerns include large-scale unemployment, overfishing, and overdependence on US aid.
Birth rate 24.41 births/1,000 population (2002 est.) NA births/1,000 population
Budget revenues: $21.5 billion


expenditures: $26.2 billion, including capital expenditures of $5.9 billion (2001)
revenues: $161 million ($69 million less grants)


expenditures: $160 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1998 est.)
Capital Cairo Palikir
Climate desert; hot, dry summers with moderate winters tropical; heavy year-round rainfall, especially in the eastern islands; located on southern edge of the typhoon belt with occasionally severe damage
Coastline 2,450 km 6,112 km
Constitution 11 September 1971 10 May 1979
Country name conventional long form: Arab Republic of Egypt


conventional short form: Egypt


local long form: Jumhuriyat Misr al-Arabiyah


local short form: Misr


former: United Arab Republic (with Syria)
conventional long form: Federated States of Micronesia


conventional short form: none


former: Ponape, Truk, and Yap Districts (Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands)


abbreviation: FSM
Currency Egyptian pound (EGP) US dollar (USD)
Death rate 7.58 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.) NA deaths/1,000 population
Debt - external $29 billion (2001 est.) $66.5 million
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Ambassador C. David WELCH


embassy: 5 Latin America St., Garden City, Cairo


mailing address: Unit 64900, Box 15, APO AE 09839-4900


telephone: [20] (2) 797-3300


FAX: [20] (2) 797-3200
chief of mission: Ambassador Larry DINGER


embassy: address NA, Kolonia


mailing address: P. O. Box 1286, Kolonia, Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia 96941


telephone: [691] 320-2187


FAX: [691] 320-2186
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador M. Nabil FAHMY


chancery: 3521 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 895-5440


FAX: [1] (202) 244-4319


consulate(s) general: Chicago, Houston, New York, and San Francisco
chief of mission: Ambassador Jesse Bibiano MAREHALAU


chancery: 1725 N Street NW, Washington, DC 20036


telephone: [1] (202) 223-4383


FAX: [1] (202) 223-4391


consulate(s) general: Honolulu and Tamuning (Guam)
Disputes - international Egypt and Sudan each claim to administer triangular areas which extend north and south of the 1899 Treaty boundary along the 22nd Parallel (in the north, the "Hala'ib Triangle", is the largest with 20,580 sq km); in 2001, the two states agreed to discuss an "area of integration" and withdraw military forces in the overlapping areas none
Economic aid - recipient ODA, $2.25 billion (1999) under terms of the Compact of Free Association, the US pledged $1.3 billion in grant aid during the period 1986-2001
Economy - overview Egypt improved its macroeconomic performance throughout most of the last decade by following IMF advice on fiscal, monetary, and structural reform policies. As a result, Cairo managed to tame inflation, slash budget deficits, and attract more foreign investment. In the past three years, however, the pace of reform has slackened, and excessive spending on national infrastructure projects has widened budget deficits again. Lower foreign exchange earnings since 1998 resulted in pressure on the Egyptian pound and periodic dollar shortages. Monetary pressures have increased since 11 September 2001 because of declines in tourism, Suez canal tolls, and exports, and Cairo has devalued the pound several times in the past year. The development of a gas export market is a major bright spot for future growth prospects. Economic activity consists primarily of subsistence farming and fishing. The islands have few mineral deposits worth exploiting, except for high-grade phosphate. The potential for a tourist industry exists, but the remote location and a lack of adequate facilities hinder development. In 1996, the country experienced a 20% reduction in revenues from the Compact of Free Association - the agreement with the US in which Micronesia received $1.3 billion in financial and technical assistance over a 15-year period until 2001. Since these revenues accounted for 57% of consolidated government revenues, reduced Compact funding resulted in a severe depression. Economic activity recovered in 1999-2001. The country's medium-term economic outlook appears fragile due to likely further reductions in external grants made under the US Compact funding. Geographical isolation and a poorly developed infrastructure remain major impediments to long-term growth.
Electricity - consumption 64.721 billion kWh (2000) NA kWh
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2000) -
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2000) -
Electricity - production 69.592 billion kWh (2000) NA kWh
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel: 77%


hydro: 23%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2000)
fossil fuel: NA%


hydro: NA%


nuclear: NA%


other: NA%
Elevation extremes lowest point: Qattara Depression -133 m


highest point: Mount Catherine 2,629 m
lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m


highest point: Dolohmwar (Totolom) 791 m
Environment - current issues agricultural land being lost to urbanization and windblown sands; increasing soil salination below Aswan High Dam; desertification; oil pollution threatening coral reefs, beaches, and marine habitats; other water pollution from agricultural pesticides, raw sewage, and industrial effluents; very limited natural fresh water resources away from the Nile which is the only perennial water source; rapid growth in population overstraining the Nile and natural resources overfishing, climate change, pollution
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups Eastern Hamitic stock (Egyptians, Bedouins, and Berbers) 99%, Greek, Nubian, Armenian, other European (primarily Italian and French) 1% nine ethnic Micronesian and Polynesian groups
Exchange rates Egyptian pounds per US dollar - market rate - 4.5000 (January 2002), 4.4900 (2001), 3.6900 (2000), 3.4050 (1999), 3.3880 (1998), 3.3880 (1997) the US dollar is used
Executive branch chief of state: President Mohammed Hosni MUBARAK (since 14 October 1981)


head of government: Prime Minister Atef Mohammed ABEID (since 5 October 1999)


cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president


elections: president nominated by the People's Assembly for a six-year term, the nomination must then be validated by a national, popular referendum; national referendum last held 26 September 1999 (next to be held NA October 2005); prime minister appointed by the president


election results: national referendum validated President MUBARAK's nomination by the People's Assembly to a fourth term
chief of state: President Leo A. FALCAM (since 21 July 1999); Vice President Redley KILLION (since 21 July 1999); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


head of government: President Leo A. FALCAM (since 21 July 1999); Vice President Redley KILLION (since 21 July 1999); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


cabinet: Cabinet


elections: president and vice president elected by Congress from among the four senators-at-large for four-year terms; election last held NA May 1999 (next to be held NA May 2003); note - a proposed constitutional amendment to establish popular elections for president and vice president failed


election results: Leo A. FALCAM elected president; percent of Congress vote - NA%; Redley KILLION elected vice president; percent of Congress vote - NA%
Exports $7.1 billion f.o.b. (2001 est.) $22 million (f.o.b.)
Exports - commodities crude oil and petroleum products, cotton, textiles, metal products, chemicals fish, garments, bananas, black pepper
Exports - partners EU 43% (Italy 18%, Germany 4%, UK 3.2%), US 15%, Middle East 11%, Asian countries 9%, (2000) Japan, US, Guam
Fiscal year 1 July - 30 June 1 October - 30 September
Flag description three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and black with the national emblem (a shield superimposed on a golden eagle facing the hoist side above a scroll bearing the name of the country in Arabic) centered in the white band; similar to the flag of Yemen, which has a plain white band; also similar to the flag of Syria, which has two green stars, and to the flag of Iraq, which has three green stars (plus an Arabic inscription) in a horizontal line centered in the white band light blue with four white five-pointed stars centered; the stars are arranged in a diamond pattern
GDP purchasing power parity - $258 billion (2001 est.) purchasing power parity - $269 million


note: GDP is supplemented by grant aid, averaging perhaps $100 million annually (2001 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 14%


industry: 30%


services: 56% (2001)
agriculture: 50%


industry: 4%


services: 46% (2000 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $3,700 (2001 est.) purchasing power parity - $2,000 (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 2.5% (2001 est.) 2% (2001 est.)
Geographic coordinates 27 00 N, 30 00 E 6 55 N, 158 15 E
Geography - note controls Sinai Peninsula, only land bridge between Africa and remainder of Eastern Hemisphere; controls Suez Canal, shortest sea link between Indian Ocean and Mediterranean Sea; size, and juxtaposition to Israel, establish its major role in Middle Eastern geopolitics; dependence on upstream neighbors; dominance of Nile basin issues; prone to influxes of refugees four major island groups totaling 607 islands
Heliports 2 (2002) -
Highways total: 64,000 km


paved: 50,000 km


unpaved: 14,000 km (1996)
total: 240 km


paved: 42 km


unpaved: 198 km (1996)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: 4%


highest 10%: 25% (1995)
lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
Illicit drugs transit point for Southwest Asian and Southeast Asian heroin and opium moving to Europe, Africa, and the US; transit stop for Nigerian couriers; concern as money-laundering site due to lax banking regulations -
Imports $164 billion f.o.b. (2001 est.) $149 million f.o.b.
Imports - commodities machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, chemicals, wood products, fuels food, manufactured goods, machinery and equipment, beverages
Imports - partners EU 36% (Germany 8%, Italy 8%, France 6%), US 18%, Asian countries 13%, , Middle East 6% (2000) US, Australia, Japan
Independence 28 February 1922 (from UK) 3 November 1986 (from the US-administered UN Trusteeship)
Industrial production growth rate 1.8% (2001 est.) NA%
Industries textiles, food processing, tourism, chemicals, hydrocarbons, construction, cement, metals tourism, construction, fish processing, craft items from shell, wood, and pearls
Infant mortality rate 58.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.) NA deaths/1,000 live births
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2.3% (2001) 2.5% (2001 est.)
International organization participation ABEDA, ACC, ACCT, AfDB, AFESD, AL, AMF, BSEC (observer), CAEU, CCC, EBRD, ECA, ESCWA, FAO, G-15, G-19, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MINURSO, MONUC, NAM, OAPEC, OAS (observer), OAU, OIC, OSCE (partner), PCA, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNMOP, UNOMIG, UNRWA, UNTAET, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO ACP, AsDB, ESCAP, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IFRCS (associate), IMF, IOC, ITU, OPCW, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, WHO, WMO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 50 (2000) 1 (2000)
Irrigated land 33,000 sq km (1998 est.) NA sq km
Judicial branch Supreme Constitutional Court Supreme Court
Labor force 20.6 million (2001 est.) NA
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 29%, industry 22%, services 49% (2000 est.) two-thirds are government employees
Land boundaries total: 2,665 km


border countries: Gaza Strip 11 km, Israel 266 km, Libya 1,115 km, Sudan 1,273 km
0 km
Land use arable land: 2.85%


permanent crops: 0.47%


other: 96.68% (1998 est.)
arable land: 5.71%


permanent crops: 45.71%


other: 48.58% (1998 est.)
Languages Arabic (official), English and French widely understood by educated classes English (official and common language), Trukese, Pohnpeian, Yapese, Kosrean, Ulithian, Woleaian, Nukuoro, Kapingamarangi
Legal system based on English common law, Islamic law, and Napoleonic codes; judicial review by Supreme Court and Council of State (oversees validity of administrative decisions); accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations based on adapted Trust Territory laws, acts of the legislature, municipal, common, and customary laws
Legislative branch bicameral system consists of the People's Assembly or Majlis al-Sha'b (454 seats; 444 elected by popular vote, 10 appointed by the president; members serve five-year terms) and the Advisory Council or Majlis al-Shura - which functions only in a consultative role (264 seats; 176 elected by popular vote, 88 appointed by the president; members serve NA-year terms)


elections: People's Assembly - three-phase voting - last held 19 October, 29 October, 8 November 2000 (next to be held NA November 2005); Advisory Council - last held 7 June 1995 (next to be held NA)


election results: People's Assembly - percent of vote by party - NDP 88%, independents 8%, opposition 4%; seats by party - NDP 398, NWP 7, Tagammu 6, Nasserists 2, LSP 1, independents 38, undecided 2; Advisory Council - percent of vote by party - NDP 99%, independents 1%; seats by party - NA
unicameral Congress (14 seats; members elected by popular vote; four - one elected from each state - to serve four-year terms and 10 - elected from single-member districts delineated by population - to serve two-year terms)


elections: elections for four-year term seats last held 2 March 1999 (next to be held NA March 2003); elections for two-year term seats last held 6 March 2001 (next to be held NA March 2003)


election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 14
Life expectancy at birth total population: 64.05 years


male: 61.96 years


female: 66.24 years (2002 est.)
total population: NA years


male: NA years


female: NA years
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 51.4%


male: 63.6%


female: 38.8% (1995 est.)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 89%


male: 91%


female: 88% (1980 est.)
Location Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Libya and the Gaza Strip Oceania, island group in the North Pacific Ocean, about three-quarters of the way from Hawaii to Indonesia
Map references Africa Oceania
Maritime claims contiguous zone: 24 NM


continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation


exclusive economic zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine total: 175 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,331,186 GRT/1,987,964 DWT


ships by type: bulk 23, cargo 58, container 2, liquefied gas 1, passenger 61, petroleum tanker 14, roll on/roll off 13, short-sea passenger 3


note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience:, Denmark 1, Germany 1, Greece 6, Lebanon 3, Monaco 1, Ukraine 1 (2002 est.)
none


note: includes a foreign-owned ship registered here as a flag of convenience: United States 1 (2002 est.)
Military - note - Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) is a sovereign, self-governing state in free association with the US; FSM is totally dependent on the US for its defense
Military branches Army, Navy, Air Force, Air Defense Command -
Military expenditures - dollar figure $4.04 billion (FY99/00) -
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 4.1% (FY99/00) -
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49: 19,030,030 (2002 est.) -
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49: 12,320,902 (2002 est.) -
Military manpower - military age 20 years of age (2002 est.) -
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males: 712,983 (2002 est.) -
National holiday Revolution Day, 23 July (1952) Constitution Day, 10 May (1979)
Nationality noun: Egyptian(s)


adjective: Egyptian
noun: Micronesian(s)


adjective: Micronesian; Chuukese, Kosraen(s), Pohnpeian(s), Yapese
Natural hazards periodic droughts; frequent earthquakes, flash floods, landslides; hot, driving windstorm called khamsin occurs in spring; dust storms, sandstorms typhoons (June to December)
Natural resources petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, phosphates, manganese, limestone, gypsum, talc, asbestos, lead, zinc forests, marine products, deep-seabed minerals
Net migration rate -0.24 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.) NA migrant(s)/1,000 population
Pipelines crude oil 1,171 km; petroleum products 596 km; natural gas 460 km -
Political parties and leaders Nasserist Arab Democratic Party or Nasserists [Dia' al-din DAWUD]; National Democratic Party or NDP [President Mohammed Hosni MUBARAK] - governing party; National Progressive Unionist Grouping or Tagammu [Khalid MUHI AL-DIN]; New Wafd Party or NWP [No'man GOMA]; Socialist Liberal Party or LSP [leader NA]


note: formation of political parties must be approved by the government
no formal parties
Political pressure groups and leaders despite a constitutional ban against religious-based parties, the technically illegal Muslim Brotherhood constitutes MUBARAK's potentially most significant political opposition; MUBARAK tolerated limited political activity by the Brotherhood for his first two terms, but moved more aggressively since then to block its influence; civic society groups are sanctioned, but constrained in practical terms; trade unions and professional associations are officially sanctioned -
Population 70,712,345 (July 2002 est.) 135,869 (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line 23% (FY95/96 est.) NA%
Population growth rate 1.66% (2002 est.) NA% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors Alexandria, Al Ghardaqah, Aswan, Asyut, Bur Safajah, Damietta, Marsa Matruh, Port Said, Suez Colonia (Yap), Kolonia (Pohnpei), Lele, Moen
Radio broadcast stations AM 42 (plus 15 repeaters), FM 14, shortwave 3 (1999) AM 5, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios 20.5 million (1997) 9,400 (1996)
Railways total: 4,955 km


standard gauge: 4,955 km 1,435-m gauge (42 km electrified; 1,560 km double-track) (2000 est.)
0 km (2003)
Religions Muslim (mostly Sunni) 94%, Coptic Christian and other 6% Roman Catholic 50%, Protestant 47%
Sex ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.77 male(s)/female


total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
NA
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal and compulsory 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: large system; underwent extensive upgrading during 1990s and is reasonably modern; Internet access and cellular service are available


domestic: principal centers at Alexandria, Cairo, Al Mansurah, Ismailia, Suez, and Tanta are connected by coaxial cable and microwave radio relay


international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean), 1 Arabsat, and 1 Inmarsat; 5 coaxial submarine cables; tropospheric scatter to Sudan; microwave radio relay to Israel; a participant in Medarabtel and a signatory to Project Oxygen (a global submarine fiber-optic cable system)
general assessment: adequate system


domestic: islands interconnected by shortwave radiotelephone (used mostly for government purposes)


international: satellite earth stations - 5 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) (2002)
Telephones - main lines in use 3,971,500 (December 1998) 11,000 (2001)
Telephones - mobile cellular 380,000 (1999) newly installed in Pohnpei and Yap
Television broadcast stations 98 (September 1995) 2 (1997)
Terrain vast desert plateau interrupted by Nile valley and delta islands vary geologically from high mountainous islands to low, coral atolls; volcanic outcroppings on Pohnpei, Kosrae, and Truk
Total fertility rate 2.99 children born/woman (2002 est.) NA children born/woman
Unemployment rate 12% (2001 est.) 16% (1999 est.)
Waterways 3,500 km


note: including the Nile, Lake Nasser, Alexandria-Cairo Waterway, and numerous smaller canals in the delta; Suez Canal (193.5 km including approaches), used by oceangoing vessels drawing up to 16.1 m of water
none
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